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R900203851 DBDS2K2X/100力士樂溢流閥
武漢百士自動化設(shè)備有限公司專注于液壓、氣動、工控自動化備件銷售,熱誠歡迎新老客戶咨詢購買!
溢流閥是一種液壓壓力控制閥,在液壓設(shè)備中主要起定壓溢流作用,穩(wěn)壓,系統(tǒng)卸荷和安全保護(hù)作用。
定壓溢流作用:在定量泵節(jié)流調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)中,定量泵提供的是恒定流量。當(dāng)系統(tǒng)壓力增大時,會使流量需求減小。此時溢流閥開啟,使多余流量溢回油箱,*證溢流閥進(jìn)口壓力,即泵出口壓力恒定(閥口常隨壓力波動開啟)。
穩(wěn)壓作用:溢流閥串聯(lián)在回油路上,溢流閥產(chǎn)生背壓,運(yùn)動部件平穩(wěn)性增加。
系統(tǒng)卸荷作用:在溢流閥的遙控口串接溢小流量的電磁閥,當(dāng)電磁鐵通電時,溢流閥的遙控口通油箱,此時液壓泵卸荷。溢流閥此時作為卸荷閥使用。
安全保護(hù)作用:系統(tǒng)正常工作時,閥門關(guān)閉。只有負(fù)載超過規(guī)定的極限(系統(tǒng)壓力超過調(diào)定壓力)時開啟溢流,進(jìn)行過載保護(hù),使系統(tǒng)壓力不再增加(通常使溢流閥的調(diào)定壓力比系統(tǒng)高工作壓力高10%~20%)。
實(shí)際應(yīng)用中一般有:作卸荷閥用,作遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)壓閥,作高低壓多*控制閥,作順序閥,用于產(chǎn)生背壓(串在回油路上)。
溢流閥一般有兩種結(jié)構(gòu):1、直動型溢流閥 。2、先導(dǎo)式溢流閥。
對溢流閥的主要要求:調(diào)壓范圍大,調(diào)壓偏差小,壓力振擺小,動作靈敏,過載能力大,噪聲小。
2注意事項(xiàng)
噪聲和振動
液壓裝置中容易產(chǎn)生噪聲的元件一般認(rèn)為是泵和閥,閥中又以溢流閥和電磁換向閥等為主。產(chǎn)生噪聲的因素很多。溢流閥的噪聲有流速聲和機(jī)械聲二種。流速聲中主要由油液振動、空穴以及液壓沖擊等原因產(chǎn)生的噪聲。機(jī)械聲中主要由閥中零件的撞擊和磨擦等原因產(chǎn)生的噪聲。
(1)壓力不均勻引起的噪聲
先導(dǎo)型溢流閥的導(dǎo)閥部分是一個易振部位如圖3所示。在高壓情況下溢流時,導(dǎo)閥的軸向開口很小,僅0.003~0.006厘米。過流面積很小,流速很高,可達(dá)200米/秒,易引起壓力分布不均勻,使錐閥徑向力不平衡而產(chǎn)生振動。另外錐閥和錐閥座加工時產(chǎn)生的橢圓度、導(dǎo)閥口的臟物粘住及調(diào)壓彈簧變形等,也會引起錐閥的振動。所以一般認(rèn)為導(dǎo)閥是發(fā)生噪聲的振源部位。
由于有彈性元件(彈簧)和運(yùn)動質(zhì)量(錐閥)的存在,構(gòu)成了一個產(chǎn)生振蕩的條件,而導(dǎo)閥前腔又起了一個共振腔的作用,所以錐閥發(fā)生振動后易引起整個閥的共振而發(fā)出噪聲,發(fā)生噪聲時一般多伴隨有劇烈的壓力跳動。
(2)空穴產(chǎn)生的噪聲
當(dāng)由于各種原因,空氣被吸入油液中,或者在油液壓力低于大氣壓時,溶解在油液中的部分空氣就會析出形成氣泡,這些氣泡在低壓區(qū)時體積較大,當(dāng)隨油液流到高壓區(qū)時,受到壓縮,體積突然變小或氣泡消失;反之,如在高壓區(qū)時體積本來較小,而當(dāng)流到低壓區(qū)時,體積突然增大,油中氣泡體積這種急速改變的現(xiàn)象。氣泡體積的突然改變會產(chǎn)生噪聲,又由于這一過程發(fā)生在瞬間,將引起局部液壓沖擊而產(chǎn)生振動。先導(dǎo)式溢流閥的導(dǎo)閥口和主閥口,油液流速和壓力的變化很大,很容易出現(xiàn)空穴現(xiàn)象,由此而產(chǎn)生噪聲和振動。
(3)液壓沖擊產(chǎn)生的噪聲
先導(dǎo)式溢流閥在卸荷時,會因液壓回路的壓力急驟下降而發(fā)生壓力沖擊噪聲。愈是高壓大容量的工作條件,這種沖擊噪聲愈大,這是由于溢流閥的卸荷時間很短而產(chǎn)生液壓沖擊所致在卸荷時,由于油流速急劇變化,引起壓力突變,造成壓力波的沖擊。壓力波是一個小的沖擊波,本身產(chǎn)生的噪聲很小,但隨油液傳到系統(tǒng)中,如果同任何一個機(jī)械零件發(fā)生共振,就可能加大振動和增強(qiáng)噪聲。所以在發(fā)生液壓沖擊噪聲時,一般多伴有系統(tǒng)振 動。
(4)機(jī)械噪聲
先導(dǎo)式溢流閥發(fā)出的機(jī)械噪聲,一般來自零件的撞擊和由于加工誤差等產(chǎn)生的零件磨擦。
在先導(dǎo)型溢流閥發(fā)出的噪聲中,有時會有機(jī)械性的高頻振動聲,一般稱它為自激振動聲。這是主閥和導(dǎo)閥因高頻振動而發(fā)生的聲音。它的發(fā)生率與回油管道的配置、流量、壓力、油溫(粘度)等因素有關(guān)。一般情況下,管道口徑小、流量少、壓力高、油液粘度低,自激振動發(fā)生率就高。
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